NFC hardware is being included in more and more devices –
particularly smartphones, but also some laptops. NFC could be the future
of payments, security keys, and boarding passes. NFC is also an upgrade
over clunky QR codes.
Many new phones have the hardware to do all of the things here today.
However, many people with NFC-equipped smartphones haven’t used their
NFC capabilities.
What is NFC?
NFC stands for Near Field Communication. NFC is a set of standards
that allow smartphones and other devices to communicate via radio
signals when they are held in close proximity. NFC works similarly to
RFID, although NFC has a much shorter range than RFID. NFC’s range is
about 4 inches, making it harder to eavesdrop on.
Devices with NFC hardware can establish communications with other
NFC-equipped devices as well as NFC “tags.” NFC tags are unpowered NFC
chips that draw power from a nearby smartphone or other powered NFC
device. They don’t need their own battery or source of power. At their
most basic, NFC tags could be used as a more convenient replacement for
QR codes.
To establish an NFC connection, all you need to do is touch two
NFC-equipped devices together. For example, if you had two NFC-equipped
smartphones, you would touch them together back-to-back. If you had an
NFC tag, you would touch the back of your NFC-equipped smartphone to the
NFC tag.
NFC is included in a wide variety of devices, including Android
devices like the Nexus 4, Galaxy Nexus, Nexus S, Galaxy S III and HTC
One X. Android isn’t the only platform that supports NFC – Windows Phone
devices like Nokia’s Lumia series and HTC Windows Phone 8X include NFC,
as do many BlackBerry devices. However, none of Apple’s iPhones include
NFC hardware.
Image Credit: Jason Tester Guerrilla Futures on Flickr
Mobile Payments
NFC payments work similarly to tap-to-pay contactless payment
features like MasterCard’s PayPass, included on MasterCard credit cards.
An NFC-equipped smartphone could be touched to (or waved over) an
NFC-enabled payment terminal to pay for something, replacing the need
for a credit card. This is exactly how
Google Wallet works.
San Francisco has NFC parking meters, which allow people to pay for parking by tapping an NFC-equipped phone against the parking meter.
Image Credit: Sergio Uceda on Flickr
Wirelessly Transferring Data
Data can be transferred wirelessly between two NFC-equipped
smartphone. Android phones have Android Beam, a feature that allows two
smartphones to quickly share a web page, contact, photo, video, or other
type of information. Touch two phones back-to-back and the content
being viewed on one device will be sent to the other. File transfers are
handled via Bluetooth once they’re initiated, but there’s no complex
Bluetooth pairing process – just tap and the rest will happen
automatically.
Similar sharing features are also found in BlackBerry and Windows Phone.
Image Credit: LAI Ryanne on Flickr
NFC Tags
Anyone can purchase NFC tags, which are fairly cheap. You can
configure the action that occurs when your smartphone comes in contact
with the NFC tag.
For example, let’s say you always put your smartphone into silent
mode when you go to sleep. Instead of doing this manually each night,
you could put an NFC tag on your bedside table. When you go to bed, you
can place your smartphone onto the NFC tag and your smartphone will
perform an action you can configure, such as automatically enabling
silent mode.
You could also create an NFC tag that contains your Wi-Fi network’s
SSID and passphrase. When people visit your home, they could touch their
phones to the NFC tag and log on rather than keying in the Wi-Fi
network’s details manually.
These are just a few examples – you can perform any action an app on your smartphone can execute.
Image Credit: Nathanael Burton on Flickr
More Possible Uses
NFC has a wide variety of other possible uses, including:
- Quickly Downloading Information: Many businesses, advertisements,
and products have QR codes, which have to be scanned with a smartphone’s
camera. NFC could function as a much-improved QR code – just tap or
wave the smartphone over an NFC chip where the QR code would be to
access the information.
- Transit & Boarding Passes: NFC-equipped smartphones could also
replace transit passes on transit systems or boarding passes at the
airport.
- Security Passes: An NFC-equipped smartphone could be tapped against a
reader to access secure areas. Car manufacturers are even working on
NFC-equipped car keys.
Image Credit: mac morrison on Flickr
This is just a snapshot of what NFC is currently being used for. It’s
a standard for near-field communication, and many more things could be
built on top of this standard.